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311 | #include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
template <class Key, class Compare = std::less<Key>>
class Set {
private:
enum NodeColor { kBlack = 0, kRed = 1 };
struct Node {
Key key;
Node *lc{nullptr}, *rc{nullptr};
size_t size{0};
NodeColor color; // the color of the parent link
Node(Key key, NodeColor color, size_t size)
: key(key), color(color), size(size) {}
Node() = default;
};
void destroyTree(Node *root) const {
if (root != nullptr) {
destroyTree(root->lc);
destroyTree(root->rc);
root->lc = root->rc = nullptr;
delete root;
}
}
bool is_red(const Node *nd) const {
return nd == nullptr ? false : nd->color; // kRed == 1, kBlack == 0
}
size_t size(const Node *nd) const { return nd == nullptr ? 0 : nd->size; }
Node *rotate_left(Node *node) const {
// left rotate a red link
// <1> <2>
// / \\ // \
// * <2> ==> <1> *
// / \ / \
// * * * *
Node *res = node->rc;
node->rc = res->lc;
res->lc = node;
res->color = node->color;
node->color = kRed;
res->size = node->size;
node->size = size(node->lc) + size(node->rc) + 1;
return res;
}
Node *rotate_right(Node *node) const {
// right rotate a red link
// <1> <2>
// // \ / \\
// <2> * ==> * <1>
// / \ / \
// * * * *
Node *res = node->lc;
node->lc = res->rc;
res->rc = node;
res->color = node->color;
node->color = kRed;
res->size = node->size;
node->size = size(node->lc) + size(node->rc) + 1;
return res;
}
NodeColor neg_color(NodeColor n) const { return n == kBlack ? kRed : kBlack; }
void color_flip(Node *node) const {
node->color = neg_color(node->color);
node->lc->color = neg_color(node->lc->color);
node->rc->color = neg_color(node->rc->color);
}
Node *insert(Node *root, const Key &key) const;
Node *delete_arbitrary(Node *root, Key key) const;
Node *delete_min(Node *root) const;
Node *move_red_right(Node *root) const;
Node *move_red_left(Node *root) const;
Node *fix_up(Node *root) const;
const Key &get_min(Node *root) const;
void serialize(Node *root, std::vector<Key> *) const;
void print_tree(Set::Node *root, int indent) const;
Compare cmp_ = Compare();
Node *root_{nullptr};
public:
typedef Key KeyType;
typedef Key ValueType;
typedef std::size_t SizeType;
typedef std::ptrdiff_t DifferenceType;
typedef Compare KeyCompare;
typedef Compare ValueCompare;
typedef Key &Reference;
typedef const Key &ConstReference;
Set() = default;
Set(Set &) = default;
Set(Set &&) noexcept = default;
~Set() { destroyTree(root_); }
SizeType size() const;
SizeType count(const KeyType &key) const;
SizeType erase(const KeyType &key);
void clear();
void insert(const KeyType &key);
bool empty() const;
std::vector<Key> serialize() const;
void print_tree() const;
};
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::SizeType Set<Key, Compare>::count(
ConstReference key) const {
Node *x = root_;
while (x != nullptr) {
if (key == x->key) return 1;
if (cmp_(key, x->key)) // if (key < x->key)
x = x->lc;
else
x = x->rc;
}
return 0;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::SizeType Set<Key, Compare>::erase(
const KeyType &key) {
if (count(key) > 0) {
if (!is_red(root_->lc) && !(is_red(root_->rc))) root_->color = kRed;
root_ = delete_arbitrary(root_, key);
if (root_ != nullptr) root_->color = kBlack;
return 1;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
void Set<Key, Compare>::clear() {
destroyTree(root_);
root_ = nullptr;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
void Set<Key, Compare>::insert(const KeyType &key) {
root_ = insert(root_, key);
root_->color = kBlack;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
bool Set<Key, Compare>::empty() const {
return size(root_) == 0;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::insert(
Set::Node *root, const Key &key) const {
if (root == nullptr) return new Node(key, kRed, 1);
if (root->key == key)
;
else if (cmp_(key, root->key)) // if (key < root->key)
root->lc = insert(root->lc, key);
else
root->rc = insert(root->rc, key);
return fix_up(root);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::delete_min(
Set::Node *root) const {
if (root->lc == nullptr) {
delete root;
return nullptr;
}
if (!is_red(root->lc) && !is_red(root->lc->lc)) {
// make sure either root->lc or root->lc->lc is red
// thus make sure we will delete a red node in the end
root = move_red_left(root);
}
root->lc = delete_min(root->lc);
return fix_up(root);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::move_red_right(
Set::Node *root) const {
color_flip(root);
if (is_red(root->lc->lc)) { // assume that root->lc != nullptr when calling
// this function
root = rotate_right(root);
color_flip(root);
}
return root;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::move_red_left(
Set::Node *root) const {
color_flip(root);
if (is_red(root->rc->lc)) {
// assume that root->rc != nullptr when calling this function
root->rc = rotate_right(root->rc);
root = rotate_left(root);
color_flip(root);
}
return root;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::fix_up(
Set::Node *root) const {
if (is_red(root->rc) && !is_red(root->lc)) // fix right leaned red link
root = rotate_left(root);
if (is_red(root->lc) &&
is_red(root->lc->lc)) // fix doubly linked left leaned red link
// if (root->lc == nullptr), then the second expr won't be evaluated
root = rotate_right(root);
if (is_red(root->lc) && is_red(root->rc))
// break up 4 node
color_flip(root);
root->size = size(root->lc) + size(root->rc) + 1;
return root;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
const Key &Set<Key, Compare>::get_min(Set::Node *root) const {
Node *x = root;
// will crash as intended when root == nullptr
for (; x->lc != nullptr; x = x->lc)
;
return x->key;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::SizeType Set<Key, Compare>::size() const {
return size(root_);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
typename Set<Key, Compare>::Node *Set<Key, Compare>::delete_arbitrary(
Set::Node *root, Key key) const {
if (cmp_(key, root->key)) {
// key < root->key
if (!is_red(root->lc) && !(is_red(root->lc->lc)))
root = move_red_left(root);
// ensure the invariant: either root->lc or root->lc->lc (or root and
// root->lc after dive into the function) is red, to ensure we will
// eventually delete a red node. therefore we will not break the black
// height balance
root->lc = delete_arbitrary(root->lc, key);
} else {
// key >= root->key
if (is_red(root->lc)) root = rotate_right(root);
if (key == root->key && root->rc == nullptr) {
delete root;
return nullptr;
}
if (!is_red(root->rc) && !is_red(root->rc->lc)) root = move_red_right(root);
if (key == root->key) {
root->key = get_min(root->rc);
root->rc = delete_min(root->rc);
} else {
root->rc = delete_arbitrary(root->rc, key);
}
}
return fix_up(root);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
std::vector<Key> Set<Key, Compare>::serialize() const {
std::vector<int> v;
serialize(root_, &v);
return v;
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
void Set<Key, Compare>::serialize(Set::Node *root,
std::vector<Key> *res) const {
if (root == nullptr) return;
serialize(root->lc, res);
res->push_back(root->key);
serialize(root->rc, res);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
void Set<Key, Compare>::print_tree(Set::Node *root, int indent) const {
if (root == nullptr) return;
print_tree(root->lc, indent + 4);
std::cout << std::string(indent, '-') << root->key << std::endl;
print_tree(root->rc, indent + 4);
}
template <class Key, class Compare>
void Set<Key, Compare>::print_tree() const {
print_tree(root_, 0);
}
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